The application layer is
the seventh level of the seven-layer OSI model. It interfaces directly to and
performs common application services for the application processes; it also issues
requests to the presentation layer.
The common application layer services provide semantic conversion between associated
application processes. Note: Examples of common application services of general
interest include the virtual file, virtual terminal, and job transfer and manipulation
protocols.
Examples
- SMTP
- SNMP
- FTP
- TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol)
- NNTP
- gopher
- XMPP
- Telnet
- FTAM
- APPC
- X.400
- SSH
- X.500
- IRC
- AFP
- Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)
- SIP
- ITMS
- AIM
- Modbus
- POP3
- IMAP
- TSP (Time Stamp Protocol)
- CFDP(Coherent File Distribution Protocol)
- XMPP
- BitTorrent
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